AP Physics 1: 250 Concepts, Relationships and Limits
Knowing conservation of energy is not the same as knowing when it does not hold.
카드 250장
수록 카드 30장 보기
전체 250장 중 30장을 발췌해 보여 주고 있습니다.
| 앞면 | 뒷면 |
|---|---|
| Position-time graph | Meaning: A graph of position against time. Detail: Its slope gives velocity, and curvature indicates acceleration. Watch for: The area under a position-time graph has no physical meaning. |
| Constant acceleration | Meaning: Motion in which velocity changes at a steady rate. Detail: The velocity-time graph is a straight line and the position-time graph is a parabola. Watch for: The kinematic equations apply only when acceleration is constant. |
| Free fall | Meaning: Motion under the influence of gravity alone. Detail: The acceleration is directed downward and has the same size for every object. Watch for: Air resistance is neglected. Real falling objects reach a terminal speed. |
| Relative velocity | Meaning: The velocity of one object as measured in the frame of another. Detail: Found by subtracting the velocity of the observer from the velocity of the object. Watch for: The order of subtraction matters and reversing it reverses the direction. |
| Force | Meaning: A push or a pull that one object exerts on another. Detail: It is a vector measured in newtons, and it always involves two objects. Watch for: A force is an interaction, not something an object possesses or carries with it. |
| Free-body diagram | Meaning: A diagram showing all forces acting on a single object. Detail: Each force is drawn as an arrow from the object, labelled by type and source. Watch for: Never include forces the object exerts on other things, and never include acceleration as a force. |
| Newton's first law | Meaning: An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion continues at constant velocity unless a net force acts. Detail: It defines what an inertial reference frame is. Watch for: It does not say that no forces act, only that they cancel. |
| Weight | Meaning: The gravitational force exerted on an object. Detail: Equal to mass times the gravitational field strength and always directed downward. Watch for: Weight changes on another planet even though the mass does not. |
| Static friction | Meaning: The force that prevents surfaces from sliding relative to each other. Detail: It takes whatever value is needed up to a maximum set by the coefficient times the normal force. Watch for: Using the maximum value when the object is not on the verge of slipping is wrong. |
| Tension | Meaning: The pulling force transmitted along a string, rope or cable. Detail: It is the same throughout an ideal massless string over a frictionless pulley. Watch for: Tension pulls and never pushes, so its direction is always away from the object along the string. |
| Spring force | Meaning: The restoring force exerted by a stretched or compressed spring. Detail: Its size is the spring constant times the displacement from the natural length. Watch for: It is measured from the natural length, not from any convenient starting position. |
| Forces on an incline | Meaning: The forces acting on an object resting on a slope. Detail: Weight, normal force and friction act, and the weight resolves into components along and perpendicular to the surface. Watch for: The component along the surface uses the sine of the angle, not the cosine. |
| Kinetic energy | Meaning: The energy an object has because of its motion. Detail: It equals one half the mass times the speed squared. Watch for: It is a scalar and is never negative, whatever the direction of motion. |
| Work-energy theorem | Meaning: The statement that the net work done on an object equals its change in kinetic energy. Detail: It links forces acting over a distance directly to a change in speed. Watch for: It uses the net work, so the work of every force must be included. |
| Power | Meaning: The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. Detail: It equals work divided by time, measured in watts. Watch for: Power is not energy. A small motor can do the same work as a large one, given more time. |
| Dissipative force | Meaning: A force that converts mechanical energy into internal energy. Detail: Friction and air resistance are the common examples. Watch for: The energy is not destroyed. It is spread among many particles. |
| Momentum | Meaning: The product of an object's mass and its velocity. Detail: It is a vector pointing in the direction of the velocity, measured in kilogram metres per second. Watch for: Momentum is not energy. Two objects can share a momentum and have very different kinetic energies. |
| Centre of mass | Meaning: The point at which the mass of a system can be considered concentrated. Detail: It is the mass-weighted average of the positions of the parts. Watch for: It need not lie within any of the objects, as with a ring. |
| Angular position | Meaning: The angle locating a rotating object relative to a reference direction. Detail: Measured in radians, where a full turn is two pi radians. Watch for: Degrees must be converted to radians before rotational relationships are used. |
| Centripetal acceleration | Meaning: The acceleration directed toward the centre of a circular path. Detail: It equals the speed squared divided by the radius, or the radius times the angular speed squared. Watch for: It exists even at constant speed, because the direction of velocity keeps changing. |
| Torque | Meaning: The turning effect of a force about an axis. Detail: It equals the force times the perpendicular distance from the axis to the line of the force. Watch for: A force through the axis produces no torque however large it is. |
| Rotational inertia | Meaning: The resistance of an object to angular acceleration. Detail: It depends on the mass and on how that mass is distributed about the axis. Watch for: It is not a fixed property of an object. It changes when the axis changes. |
| Rotational form of the second law | Meaning: The relationship between net torque and angular acceleration. Detail: Net torque equals rotational inertia times angular acceleration. Watch for: The rotational inertia takes the role of mass, and it is not the same as mass. |
| Angular momentum | Meaning: The rotational analogue of linear momentum. Detail: For a rigid body it equals the rotational inertia times the angular velocity. Watch for: It depends on the axis chosen, so the axis must be stated. |
| Newton's law of universal gravitation | Meaning: The statement that every mass attracts every other mass. Detail: The force is proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance. Watch for: The distance is measured between centres, not between surfaces. |
| Orbital motion | Meaning: The motion of a satellite held in a circular path by gravity. Detail: Gravity supplies exactly the centripetal force required. Watch for: A satellite in orbit is in free fall, not weightless because gravity has vanished. |
| Simple pendulum | Meaning: A mass swinging on a light string. Detail: For small angles its period depends on the length and the gravitational field strength. Watch for: The period does not depend on the mass of the bob. |
| Superposition | Meaning: The principle that overlapping waves add displacement by displacement. Detail: The resulting displacement is the sum of the individual displacements at each point. Watch for: The waves pass through each other unchanged after overlapping. |
| Sound as a wave | Meaning: A longitudinal pressure wave travelling through a medium. Detail: Its speed depends on the medium and increases with temperature in air. Watch for: Sound cannot travel through a vacuum. |
| Electric charge | Meaning: A property of matter that produces electrical forces. Detail: It comes in two signs and is measured in coulombs. Watch for: Charge is conserved. It is transferred, never created. |
이 덱 소개
A student who can write conservation of mechanical energy still gets the wrong answer on a rough incline. A student who knows the momentum principle still misapplies it when a pivot supplies an external force. Physics rewards knowing a relationship and its conditions together, and most lost marks come from applying a correct equation in a situation it was never valid for. This deck is 250 cards, one quantity, law or concept per card, with the back cut into three fixed lines. "Meaning" says what the quantity or law states in a sentence. "Detail" gives the relationship in words and symbols and the condition under which it holds. "Watch for" names the quantity it is confused with or the case where it fails. The sections follow the course: kinematics, forces and Newton's laws, work, energy and power, momentum and collisions, rotation and gravitation, and oscillations, waves and circuits. No worked numbers appear. Relationships are written inline as sentences, because the exam rewards reasoning stated in words at least as much as a computed value. Once the deck is on a spaced-repetition schedule, the relationships you can already place stop coming back and the pairs you keep reversing return until they stop being guesswork.
자주 묻는 질문
- What is in each section of the deck?
- Kinematics has 35 cards, forces and Newton's laws 45, work, energy and power 40, momentum and collisions 35, rotation and gravitation 45, and oscillations, waves and circuits 50, for 250 in total. Every card carries section and subtopic tags, so you can drill only rotation, only circuits, or only energy.
- Are there worked calculations?
- No. Cards describe relationships in words and symbols rather than substituting numbers. The reason is that the hard part of a physics problem is choosing which principle applies and checking its conditions, and that choice is made before any arithmetic starts. Numerical practice still has to happen on problem sets.
- Does it cover the qualitative reasoning questions?
- Directly. The exam asks students to explain why something happens and to justify a claim with physics principles, and the third line on every card names the misconception those questions are usually built around. Writing full paragraph answers is still separate practice.
- Can I import the whole deck on the free plan?
- Yes. Importing a saved deck runs no new AI generation and spends no AI credits, so the free plan imports all 250 cards. You can study, edit and delete them afterwards.
- Will importing it twice create duplicates?
- No. Cards you already have are skipped and only cards added in a revision come through. Including re-imports after deleting it, one official deck can be imported three times per account.
- Can I use it on the web and in the mobile app?
- Yes. The deck is added to your account rather than to a device, so the same cards and the same progress are there on the web, on iOS and on Android.
- Can I edit the cards after importing?
- Yes. Imported cards are yours: you can edit both sides, delete cards you do not need, change tags, and move cards to another deck.
No official exam questions are reproduced. Every card was written for this deck.Advanced Placement is a trademark of College Board. This deck is not produced, endorsed or approved by College Board.Editorial reference date 2026-08-31.